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NOTE: This page emphasizes the situation in southern Africa. Elephants and Ecology Johnson, C.F., Cowling, R.M., Phillipson, P.B. 1999. The flora of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa: are threatened species vulnerable to elephant damage? Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 1447-1456. Hiscocks, K. 1999. The impact of increasing elephant population on the woody vegetation in southern Sabi Sand Wildtuin, South Africa. Koedoe 42(2): 47-55. Moolman, H.J., Cowling, R.M. 1994. The impact of elephant and goat grazing on the endemic flora of South African succulent thicket. Biological Conservation 68: 53-61. Mosugelo, D.K., Moe, S.R., Ringrose, S., Nellemann, C. 2002. Vegetation changes during a 36-year period in northern Chobe National Park, Botswana. African Journal of Ecology 40: 232-240. Dublin, H.T., Sinclair, A.R.E., McGlade, J. 1990. Elephants and fire as causes of multiple stable states in the Serengeti-Mara woodlands. Journal of Animal Ecology 59: 1147-1164. Elephant Population Dynamics van Aarde, R., Whyte, I., Pimm, S. 1999. Culling and the dynamics of the Kruger National Park African elephant population. Animal Conservation 2: 287-294. Woodd, A.M. 1999. A demographic model to predict future growth of the Addo elephant population. Koedoe 42(1): 97-100. Laws, R.M., Parker, I.S.C. 1968. Recent studies on elephant populations in East Africa. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London 21: 319-359. Elephant Societies and Education McComb, K., Moss, C., Durant, S.M., Baker, L., Sayialel, S. 2001. Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge in Africa elephants. Science 292(20): 491-494. For an on-line reference on Elephants confronting rhinos. Elephant Communication Ben-Ari, E.T. 1999. A throbbing in the air. Bioscience 49(5): 353-358. Elephant Contraception Barber, M.R., Fayrer-Hosken, R.A. 2000. Possible mechanisms of mammalian immunocontraception. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 46: 103-124. Delsink, A.K. 2002. Field applications of immunocontraception in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Reproduction Supplement 60: 117-124. Fayrer-Hosken, R.A., Bertschinger, H.J., Kirkpatrick, J.F., Grobler, D., Lamberski, N., Honneyman, G., Ulrich, T. 1999. Contraceptive potential of the porcine zona pellucida vaccine in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Theriogenology 52: 835-846. Fayrer-Hosken, R.A., Grobler, D., Van Altena, J.J., Bertschinger, H.J., Kirkpatrick, J.F. 2000. Immunocontraception of African elephants: a humane method to control elephant populations without behavioural side effects. Nature 407: 149. Butler, V. 1998. Elephants: trimming the herd. BioScience 48 (2) 76-end. Also online Elephant Management and Kruger National Park van Aarde, R., Whyte, I., Pimm, S. 1999. Culling and the dynamics of the Kruger National Park African elephant population. Animal Conservation 2: 287-294. Whyte, I.J., Biggs, H.C., Gaylard, A., Braack, L.E.O. 1999. A new policy for the management of the Kruger National Park's elephant population. Koedoe 42(1): 111-132. Whyte, I.J., van Aarde, R. 1998. Managing the elephants of Kruger National Park. Animal Conservation 1: 77-83. Whyte, I.J. 2002. Headaches and Heartaches: the elephant management dilemma. In: Schmidtz, D.J., Willott, E. (eds.), Environmental ethics: what really matters, what really works. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 293-305. Making Preservation Valuable and Profitable Krug, W. (2001). Private supply of protected land in southern Africa: a review of markets, approaches, barriers and issues. World Bank/OECD International Workshop on Market Creation for Biodiversity Products and Services, Paris, January 25-26, 2001, World Bank/OECD. Lambrechts, A.v.W. 1995. Meeting wildlife and human needs by establishing collaborative nature reserves: a Transvaal system. In: Bissonette J.A., Krausman P.R., (eds.), Integrating people and wildlife for a sustainable future The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Maryland, pp. 37-43. Milton, S.J., Dean, W.R., Richardson, D.M. 2003. Economic incentives for restoring natural capital in southern Africa rangelands. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1(5): 247-254. Seijas, N., Vorhies, F. 1989. Private preservation of wildlife: a visit to the South Africa lowveld. The Freeman(August) 1989 Spenceley, A., Seif, J. 2003. The strategies, impacts and costs of pro poor tourism approaches in South Africa: 1-41. Older Articles Still Relevant Jackson, P., (ed.) 1982. Elephants and rhinos in Africa: a time for decision. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 36 pages. ISBN 2-88032-208-1 The Ivory Ban The ban on ivory selling was lifted (spring 1999) for a one-time sale of ivory from Zimbabwe and Namibia and Botswana. These countries had stabilized or increasing numbers of elephants. For more info see www.wildnetafrica.com Another sites on the African Elephant: African Elephant Database. REF Journal Articl... The Asian Elephant According to Friends of the Asian Elephant, there are fewer than 30,000 Asian elephants remaining. Asian elephants are smaller and more easily tamed than African elephants. The site for Friends of the Asian Elephant also contains links to other elephant-related sites. One food company, the makers of Thai Foods, send contributes 1.5% of the value of their product purchases to help run a hospital for Asian elephants. Their site is http://www.atasteofthai.com/. |
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The University of Arizona Last update Oct 11, 2003 schmidtz at u.arizona.edu willott at u.arizona.edu "http://research.biology.arizona.edu/mosquito/willott/323/project/elephants.html" All contents copyright © 1998-2003. All rights reserved. |